What is a car's "energy absorption system"?

The term "energy absorption system" in the context of a car refers to components that are designed to absorb energy during a collision, thereby reducing the force transmitted to the occupants of the vehicle. The car's bumper is specifically designed for energy absorption.

When a collision occurs, the bumper absorbs some of the impact force, decreasing the amount of energy that is transferred to the passenger compartment. This is crucial for minimizing injury to the occupants and maintaining the structural integrity of the car during an accident. While other systems like airbags and seatbelts play vital roles in protecting occupants—by providing cushioning and restraint, respectively—the bumper's primary function is to manage energy during an impact, which is why it is considered part of the energy absorption system. The braking system, while important for stopping and controlling the vehicle, does not absorb energy in the same way during a collision.